Avascular necrosis, also known as osteonecrosis, is a medical condition characterized by the death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply. This condition can affect any bone in the body but is most commonly found in the hip, knee, shoulder, and ankle joints. Avascular necrosis can be caused by a variety of factors, including trauma, prolonged steroid use, excessive alcohol consumption, and certain medical conditions like sickle cell disease. As the blood supply to the affected bone diminishes, the bone tissue begins to deteriorate, leading to pain, joint dysfunction, and in severe cases, collapse of the bone structure. Early detection and treatment are essential to prevent further damage and preserve joint function, often involving conservative measures like pain management and physical therapy, but in advanced cases, surgical interventions such as joint replacement may be necessary to restore mobility and alleviate discomfort.
